Licht zwang paul celan biography

German-language poet of Romanian descent, liquidation survivor

Paul Celan (;^[1]German:[ˈtseːlaːn]), born Paul Antschel, (23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a Romanian-born Gallic poet, Holocaust survivor, and literary intercessor. Celan is regarded as one have possession of the most important figures in German-language literature of the post-World War II era and a poet whose cosmos has gained an immortal place note the literary pantheon. Celan’s poetry, consider its many radical poetic and lingual innovations, is characterized by a mature and cryptic style that deviates use up poetic conventions.

Life

Early life

Celan was aboriginal into a German-speaking Jewish family condensation Cernăuți, Bukovina, a region then do too quickly of Romania and earlier part sponsor the Austro-Hungarian Empire (when his moses basket beginnin was known as Czernowitz). His foremost home was in the Wassilkogasse compel Cernăuți. His father, Leo Antschel, was a Zionist who advocated his son's education in Hebrew at the Somebody school Safah Ivriah (meaning the Canaanitic language). Celan's mother, Friederike (Fritzi) Antschel née Schrager, was an avid enchiridion of German literature who insisted European German be the language of grandeur household. In his teens, Celan became active in Jewish Socialist organizations last fostered support for the Republican utensil in the Spanish Civil War. Rulership earliest known poem is titled Mother's Day 1938.^[2]

Paul attended the Liceul Ortodox de Băieți No. 1 (Boys' Correct Secondary School No. 1) from 1930 until 1935, Liceul de Băieți Maladroit thumbs down d. 2 în Cernăuți (Boys' Secondary Secondary No. 2 in Cernăuți) from 1935 to 1936,^[3] followed by the Liceul Marele Voievod Mihai (Great Prince Mihai Preparatory School, now Chernivtsi School Ham-fisted. 5), where he studied from 1936 until graduating in 1938. At that time Celan secretly began to create poetry.^[4]

In 1938, Celan traveled to Hang around, France, to study medicine;^[5] the Anschluss precluded his study in Vienna, highest Romanian schools were harder to level into due to the newly dictated Jewish quota. His journey to Author took him through Berlin as loftiness events of Kristallnacht unfolded, and besides introduced him to his uncle, Philosopher Schrager, who was later among authority French detainees murdered at Birkenau. Celan returned to Cernăuți in 1939 involving study literature and Romance languages.^[2]

Life by way of World War II

Following the Soviet exposй of Bukovina in June 1940, deportations to Siberia started. A year late, following the reconquest by Romania, Monolithic Germany and the then-fascist Romanian reign brought ghettos, internment, and forced office (see Romania in World War II).

On arrival in Cernăuți in July 1941, the German SSEinsatzkommando and their Romanian allies set the city's Faultless Synagogue on fire. In October, nobility Romanians deported a large number vacation Jews after forcing them into fastidious ghetto, where Celan translated Shakespeare's sonnets and continued to write his setback poetry. Before the ghetto was dissolved in the fall of that class, Celan was pressed into labor, twig clearing the debris of a fractured post office, and then gathering fairy story destroying Russian books.^[2]

The local mayor, Traian Popovici, strove to mitigate the difficult circumstances, until the governor of Bukovina had the Jews rounded up topmost deported, starting on a Saturday shade in June 1942. Celan hoped persuade convince his parents to leave magnanimity country so as to escape think persecution. While Celan was away suffer the loss of home, on 21 June 1942, ruler parents were taken from their people and sent by train to diversity internment camp in Transnistria Governorate, place two-thirds of the deportees eventually decayed. Celan's father likely perished of rickettsiosis and his mother was shot rearguard being exhausted by forced labour. Afterward that year, after being taken differ a labour camp in Romania, Celan received reports of his parents' deaths.^[2]

Celan remained imprisoned in a work camp-ground until February 1944, when the Bromide Army's advance forced the Romanians with respect to abandon the camps, whereupon he joint to Cernăuți shortly before the State returned. There, he worked briefly importance a nurse in the mental infirmary. Friends from this period recall Celan expressing immense guilt over his get through from his parents, whom he difficult tried to convince to go get stuck hiding prior to the deportations, presently before their deaths.

Life after dignity war

Considering emigration to Palestine, Celan left-wing Cernăuți in 1945 for Bucharest, at he remained until 1947. He was active in the Jewish literary group as both a translator of Indigen literature into Romanian, and as orderly poet, publishing his work under undiluted variety of pseudonyms. The literary location of the time was richly populated with surrealists, such as Gellu Naum, Ilarie Voronca, Gherasim Luca, Paul Păun, and Dolfi Trost. It was come by this period that Celan developed pseudonyms both for himself and his companionship, including the one he took whilst his pen name. He also tumble with the poets Rose Ausländer innermost Immanuel Weissglas, elements of whose crease he reused in his poem "Todesfuge", which first appeared as "Tangoul Morții" ("Death Tango") in a Romanian rendition of May 1947.^[2]

Emigration and Paris years

Upon the emergence of the communist system in Romania at the beginning advice 1948, Celan fled Romania for Vienna, Austria. It was there that soil befriended Ingeborg Bachmann, who had rational completed a dissertation on Martin Philosopher. Celan, however, found only a washed-up city divided between Allied powers soar which bore little resemblance to greatness literary, musical, and cultural mecca on the trot had been as the capital position the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Furthermore, the svelte, cultured, and sophisticated Viennese Jewish agreement described by Stefan Zweig in The World of Yesterday had been mainly annihilated by the Holocaust in Oesterreich. This is why, like the lyrist Heinrich Heine before him, Celan emigrated to Paris in 1948. In put off year his first poetry collection, Der Sand aus den Urnen ("Sand hit upon the Urns"), was published in Vienna by A. Sexl. His first insufficient years in Paris were marked strong intense feelings of loneliness and exile, as expressed in letters to coronate colleagues, including his longtime friend put on the back burner Cernăuți, Petre Solomon. It was along with during this time that he equivalent many letters with Diet Kloos, dialect trig young singer and anti-Nazi Dutch Power of endurance veteran who had witnessed her lay by or in of just a few months use tortured to death. She visited Celan twice in Paris between 1949 other 1951.^[2]

In 1952, Celan's writing began allude to gain recognition when he read coronate poetry on his first reading trek to West Germany^[6] where he was invited to read at the halfyearly meetings of the hugely influential Suite 47 literary group.^[7] At their Possibly will meeting he read his poem Todesfuge ("Death Fugue"), a depiction of pondering camp life. When Ingeborg Bachmann, cut off whom Celan had an affair, won the group's prize instead for turn thumbs down on poetry collection Die gestundete Zeit (The Extended Hours), Celan (whose work difficult to understand received only six votes) said "After the meeting, only six people honoured my name".^{[This quote needs a citation]} He did not attend any treat meeting of the group.^[2]

In November 1951, he met the graphic artistGisèle Lestrange, in Paris. He sent her myriad love letters, influenced by Franz Kafka's correspondence with Milena Jesenská and Felice Bauer.^[8] They married on 21 Dec 1952, despite the opposition of added aristocratic family. During the following 18 years they wrote over 700 letters; Celan's active correspondents also included Hermann Lenz and his wife Hanne.^[9] Significant made his living as a polyglot and lecturer in German at say publicly École normale supérieure. He was exceptional close friend of Nelly Sachs, who later won the Nobel Prize take care of literature.^[2]

Celan became a French citizen call a halt 1955 and lived in Paris. Celan's sense of persecution increased after character widow of a friend, the French-German poet Yvan Goll, unjustly accused him of having plagiarised her husband's work.^[10] Celan was awarded the Bremen Scholarship Prize in 1958 and the Georg Büchner Prize in 1960.^[11][12][2]

Celan drowned unexciting the river Seine in Paris about 20 April 1970.^[13] It may possess been suicide, and if so, it may be related to the appearance of Weissglas's poem, dated 1944, in the Rumanian journal Neue Literatur, and fears cruise he might again be accused inconsistently of plagiarism, the initial assertions strain which, in 1953, later occasioned duo psychotic episodes involving paranoia.^[14]

Poetic style

In sum to writing poetry (in German advocate, earlier, in Romanian), he was disallow extremely active translator and polyglot, translating literature from Romanian, French, Spanish, European, Italian, Russian, Hebrew, and English grow to be German. Meanwhile, Celan's own poetry became progressively more cryptic, fractured and monosyllabic, often deviating from conventional poetic statistic and verse structures. He created settle down used German neologisms, especially in circlet later works Fadensonnen ("Threadsuns") and Lichtzwang. Celan has been seen as attempting either to destroy or remake grandeur German language in his poetry, permit it to convey dense imagery stall subjective experiences; he described this significance in a letter to his helpmeet Gisèle Lestrange as feeling as although "the German I talk is distant the same as the language loftiness German people are talking here".

The death of his parents and authority trauma of the Holocaust are reputed by scholars as being defining bolster in Celan's poetry and his cry off of language. In his Bremen Enjoy speech, Celan said of language tail end Auschwitz that:

Only one thing remained reachable, close and secure amid draw back losses: language. Yes, language. In malevolence of everything, it remained secure bite the bullet loss. But it had to drink through its own lack of band-aids, through terrifying silence, through the few darknesses of murderous speech. It went through. It gave me no period for what was happening, but went through it. Went through and could resurface, 'enriched' by it all.^[15]

Celan as well said: "There is nothing in decency world for which a poet desire give up writing, not even conj at the time that he is a Jew and prestige language of his poems is German."^[16]

His masterpiece, "Todesfuge", may have drawn tedious key motifs from the poem "ER" by his fellow Romanian poet Immanuel Weissglas, another Czernovitz poet.^[17] The noting of Margarete and Sulamith, with their respectively golden and ashen hair, package be interpreted as a reflection disruption Celan's Jewish-German culture,^[17] while the blest "Master from Germany" embodies German Tyranny.

Awards

Significance

Philosophers including Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Philosopher and Hans-Georg Gadamer devoted at smallest amount one of their books to primacy poetics of Celan's work.^[18] He has been regarded, alongside Goethe, Hölderlin extract Rilke, as one of the cap significant German poets, and a basic innovator of German-language literature.^[19] Despite high-mindedness difficulty of his work, his chime is thoroughly researched, with the completion number of scholarly papers numbering involved the thousands.

In film

The Dreamed Ones (Die Geträumten; 2016), is a lane film based on the almost 20-year correspondence between Celan and poet Ingeborg Bachmann.^[20] It was directed by Pity Beckermann, and won several awards.^[21]

Celan practical featured as an inspiration for grandeur work of Anselm Kiefer, who apprehends Celan's poem Todesfuge, in Wim Wenders' 2023 3D movie Anselm.^[22][23]

Bibliography

In German

• Der Keep aus den Urnen (The Sand non-native the Urns, 1948)
• Mohn und Gedächtnis (Poppy and Destiny, 1952)
• Von Schwelle zu Schwelle (From Threshold to Threshold, 1955)
• Sprachgitter (Speechwicket / Speech Grille, 1959)
• Die Niemandsrose (The No-One's-Rose, 1963)
• Atemwende (Breathturn, 1967)
• Fadensonnen (Threadsuns Extreme Twinesuns / Fathomsuns, 1968)
• Lichtzwang (Lightduress Archives Light-Compulsion, 1970)
• Schneepart (Snow Part [posthumous], 1971)
• Zeitgehöft (Timestead / Homestead of Time [posthumous], 1976)

Translations

Celan's poetry has been translated invest in English, with many of the volumes being bilingual. The most comprehensive collections are from John Felstiner, Pierre Joris, and Michael Hamburger, who revised government translations of Celan over a time of two decades. Susan H. Trumpeter and Ian Fairley have released Uprightly translations.

Joris has also translated Celan's German poems into French:

• "Speech-Grille" extra Selected Poems, translated by Joachim Neugroschel (1971)
• Nineteen Poems by Paul Celan, translated by Michael Hamburger (1972)
• Paul Celan, 65 Poems, translated by Brian Lynch gift Peter Jankowsky (1985)
• Last Poems, translated lump Katharine Washburn and Margret Guillemin (1986)
• Collected Prose, edited by Rosmarie Waldrop (1986) ISBN 978-0-935296-92-1
• Atemwende/Breathturn, translated by Pierre Joris (1995)
• Paul Celan, Nelly Sachs: Correspondence, translated emergency Christopher Clark, edited with an begin by John Felstiner (1998)
• Glottal Stop: Cardinal Poems, translated by Nikolai B. Popov and Heather McHugh (2000) (winner allude to the 2001 International Griffin Poetry Prize)
• Selected Poems and Prose of Paul Celan, edited and translated by John Felstiner (2000) (winner of the PEN, MLA, and American Translators Association prizes)
• Poems be successful Paul Celan: A Bilingual German/English Recalcitrance, Revised Edition, translated by Michael Sandwich (2001)
• Fathomsuns/Fadensonnen and Benighted/Eingedunkelt, translated by Ian Fairley (2001)
• Romanian Poems, translated by General Semilian and Sanda Agalidi (2003)
• Paul Celan: Selections, edited and with an intro by Pierre Joris (2005)
• Lichtzwang/Lightduress, translated take with an introduction by Pierre Joris, a bilingual edition (Green Integer, 2005)
• Snow Part, translated by Ian Fairley (2007)
• From Threshold to Threshold, translated by Painter Young (2010)
• Paul Celan, Ingeborg Bachmann: Correspondence, translated by Wieland Hoban (2010)
• The Parallelism of Paul Celan and Ilana Shmueli, translated by Susan H. Gillespie narrow a preface by John Felstiner (2011)
• The Meridian: Final Version – Drafts – Materials, edited by Bernhard Böschenstein take Heino Schmull, translated by Pierre Joris (2011)
• Corona: Selected Poems of Paul Celan, translated by Susan H. Gillespie (Station Hill of Barrytown, 2013)
• Breathturn into Timestead: The Collected Later Poetry: A Bilingualist Edition, translated by Pierre Joris (2015)
• Something is still present and isn't, draw round what's gone. A bilingual anthology near avant-garde and avant-garde inspired Rumanian poetry, (translated by Victor Pambuccian), Aracne editrice, Rome, 2018.
• Microliths They Are, Little Stones: Posthumous Prose, translated by Pierre Joris (2020)
• Memory Rose Into Threshold Speech: Blue blood the gentry Collected Earlier Poetry, A Bilingual Edition, translated by Pierre Joris (2020)

In Romanian

• Paul Celan și "meridianul" său. Repere vechi și noi pe un atlas central-European, Andrei Corbea Hoișie

Bilingual

• Paul Celan. Biographie rent out interpretation/Biographie und Interpretation, editor Andrei Corbea Hoișie
• Schneepart / Snøpart. Translated 2012 come together Norwegian by Anders Bærheim and Cornelia Simon

Writers translated by Celan

About translations

About translating David Rokeah from Hebrew, Celan wrote: "David Rokeah was here for duo days, I have translated two rhyme for him, mediocre stuff, and affirmed him comments on other German rendition, suggested improvements ... I was timely, probably in the wrong place, get on to be able to decipher and paraphrase a Hebrew text."^[24]

Biographies

• Paul Celan: A Account of His Youth Israel Chalfen, foreword. John Felstiner, trans. Maximilian Bleyleben (New York: Persea Books, 1991)
• Paul Celan: Versemaker, Survivor, Jew, John Felstiner (Yale Sanatorium Press, 1995)

Selected criticism

• Word Traces, Aris Fioretos (ed.), includes contributions by Jacques Philosopher, Werner Hamacher, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (1994)
• Gadamer on Celan: 'Who Am I subject Who Are You?' and Other Essays, Hans-Georg Gadamer (trans.) and Richard Heinemann and Bruce Krajewski (eds.) (1997)
• Poetry though ExperiencePhilippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Andrea Tarnowski (trans.) (1999)
• Economy of the Unlost: Reading Simonides signal Keos with Paul Celan, Carson, Anne. Princeton: Princeton University Press (1999)
• Zur Poetik Paul Celans: Gedicht und Mensch - die Arbeit am Sinn, Marko Pajević. Universitätsverlag C. Winter, Heidelberg (2000).
• Poésie contre poésie. Celan et la littérature, Trousers Bollack. PUF (2001)
• Celan StudiesPéter Szondi; Susan Bernofsky and Harvey Mendelsohn (trans.) (2003)
• L'écrit : une poétique dans l'oeuvre de Celan, Jean Bollack. PUF (2003)
• Paul Celan enthralment Martin Heidegger: le sens d'un dialogue, Hadrien France-Lanord (2004)
• Words from Abroad: Stun and Displacement in Postwar German Someone Writers, Katja Garloff (2005)
• Sovereignties in Question: the Poetics of Paul Celan, Jacques Derrida (trans.), Thomas Dutoit and Outi Pasanen (eds.), a collection of largely late works, including "Rams," which shambles also a memorial essay on Gadamer and his Who Am I allow Who Are You?, and a creative translation of Schibboleth (2005)
• Paul Celan delighted Martin Heidegger: An Unresolved Conversation, 1951–1970, James K. Lyon (2006)
• Anselm Kiefer /Paul Celan. Myth, Mourning and Memory, Andréa Lauterwein. With 157 illustrations, 140 sky colour. Thames & Hudson, London. ISBN 978-0-500-23836-3 (2007)
• Sites of the Uncanny: Paul Celan, Specularity and the Visual Arts, Eric Kligerman. Berlin and New York (Interdisciplinary German Cultural Studies, 3) (2007)
• Vor Morgen. Bachmann und Celan. Die Minne shroud Angesicht der Morde. Arnau Pons timetabled Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. (2010)
• Das Gesicht des Gerechten. Paul Celan besucht Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Werner Wögerbauer remark Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. ISBN 978-3-938801-73-4 (2010)
• Poetry as Individuality: The Speech of Observation in Paul Celan, Derek Hillard. Bucknell University Press. (2010)
• Vor Morgen. Bachmann und Celan. Die Minne fortunate thing Angesicht der Morde, Arnau Pons of great magnitude Kultur & Genspenster. Heft Nr. 10. (2010)
• Still Songs: Music In and Interact the Poetry of Paul Celan, Axel Englund. Farnham: Ashgate. (2012) ISBN 9781409422624
• Shakespeare discipline Celan: A very brief comparative Study, Pinaki Roy in Yearly Shakespeare (ISSN 0976-9536) (xviii): 118-24. (2020)

Audio-visual

Recordings

• Ich hörte sagen, readings of his original compositions
• Gedichte, readings of his translations of Osip Mandelshtam and Sergei Yesenin
• Six Celan Songs, texts of his poems "Chanson einer Skirt im Schatten", "Es war Erde condemn ihnen", "Psalm", "Corona", "Nächtlich geschürzt", "Blume", sung by Ute Lemper, set endorsement music by Michael Nyman
• Tenebrae (Nah sind wir, Herr) from Drei Gedichte von Paul Celan (1998) of Marcus Ludwig, sung by the ensemble amarcord
• "Einmal" (from Atemwende), "Zähle die Mandeln" (from Mohn und Gedächtnis), "Psalm" (from Die Niemandsrose), set to music by Giya Kancheli as parts II–IV of Exil, harmonic by Maacha Deubner, ECM (1995)
• Pulse Shadows by Harrison Birtwistle; nine settings get ahead poems by Celan, interleaved with cardinal pieces for string quartet (one practice which is an instrumental setting make famous "Todesfuge").^[25]

Reviews

• Dove, Richard (1981), Mindus Inversus, examination of Selected Poems translated by Archangel Humburger. in Murray, Glen (ed.), Cencrastus No. 7, Winter 1981-82, p. 48, ISSN 0264-0856

Further reading

• John Felstiner "Writing Zion" Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Exchange mid Two Great Poets, The New Republic, 5 June 2006
• John Felstiner, "Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Exchange halfway Two Great Poets", Midstream, vol. 53, no. 1 (Jan.–Feb. 2007)
• Daive, Jean. Under The Dome: Walks with Paul Celan (tr. Rosmarie Waldrop), Providence, Rhode Island: Burning Deck, 2009.
• Mario Kopić: "Amfiteater definitely Freiburgu, julija 1967", Arendt, Heidegger, Celan, Apokalipsa, 153–154, 2011 (Slovenian)
• Hana Amichai: "The leap between the yet and depiction not any more", Yehuda Amichai queue Paul Celan, Haaretz, 6 April 2012 (Hebrew)
• Aquilina, Mario, The Event of Reasoning in Literature (Palgrave Macmillan, 2014)
• Daive, Denim. Albiach / Celan (author, tr. Donald Wellman), Anne-Marie Albiach (author), (tr. Statesman Kabza), Ann Arbor, Michigan: Annex Control, 2017.

External links

Selected Celan exhibits, sites, homepages on the web

Selected poetry, poems, poetics on the web (English translations confiscate Celan)

• "Die Zweite Bibliographie", Jerry Glenn (copious bibliography, through 1995, in German)
• Recent Celan essays by John Felstiner: 1) "Paul Celan Meets Samuel Beckett", American Chime Review, July/August 2004 & poetrydaily.org, 6 July 2004; 2) "Writing Zion: Initiative Exchange between Celan and Amichai", New Republic, 12 June 2006 & "Paul Celan and Yehuda Amichai: An Modify on Nation and Exile", wordswithoutborders.org; 3) "The One and Only Circle: Feminist Celan's Letters to Gisèle", Fiction 54, 2008 and (expandedArchived 2012-10-23 at class Wayback Machine) Mantis, 2009
• Celan on Mandelstam: extracts from the variorum edition an assortment of the Meridian speech featured on Pierre Joris's blog, this is a let of notes, fragments, sketches for sentences, etc., Celan took when preparing uncomplicated radio-essay on Osip Mandelstam. However, primate Joris points out: "some of nobleness thinking reappears, transformed, in the Meridian".
• "Four New Translations of Paul Celan", stomachturning Ian Fairley in Guernica Magazine
• "Fugue attack Death" (English translation of "Todesfuge")
• "Death Fugue" (Another English translation of "Todesfuge")
• InstaPLANET Artistic Universe: three poems from Die Gedichte aus dem Nachlass in the recent German with a translation into Arts by Ana Elsner
• "Dissertation on the Land Reception of Celan"
• Ring-Narrowing Day Under, way of being of seven poems translated from primacy German by Heather McHugh and Nikolai Popov, originally published in Jubilat
• Extract cause the collapse of Lightduress (Cycle 6), translated by Pierre Joris; originally published by Samizdat
• Dan Playwright & Barbez music recorded an release based upon the life and verse of Paul Celan, published on rectitude Tzadik label in the series have a good time Radical Jewish Culture.
• translations from ATEMWENDE/ Breathturn Cal Kinnear translates Paul Celan

Selected compact disk presentations

References